Capture of Carbon Dioxide

CO₂ Capture in CCUS refers to the separation of CO₂ from a stream containing CO₂, CO₂ treatment and purification, and compression or liquefaction to the required level for transportation.

Types of CO₂ Capture

There are several types of capture, generally referred to by the inlet location of the CO₂ containing stream. There are two primary groups:

1. Power and Combustion-Related Capture
2. Non Combustion Capture

Power and Combustion-related Capture

In power and combustion-related industries, there are three primary types of capture:

Types of Capture in Power and Combustion Related Industries

Type	Description
Post-Combustion Capture	Extracts CO2 from a stream after a combustion chamber, such as in a natural gas power plant.
Pre-Combustion Capture	Extracts CO2 from a stream before a combustion chamber, such as in a gasification power plant.
Oxy-Combustion Capture	Extracts CO2 from a stream after a combustion chamber with a specialised system which uses oxygen instead of combustion air.

Non-Combustion Capture

In non-combustion capture, there are two primary types of capture:

Types of Capture in Non-Combustion capture

Type	Description
Industrial Separation Capture	Extracts CO2 from a stream containing both CO2 and non-CO2 gases, with no combustion in the process stream up or downstream of the removal point.
Inherent Capture	Extracts CO2 from a stream containing primarily CO2, with no combustion in the process stream up or downstream of the removal point.

CO₂ Capture Technologies

A capture technology is a process that is used to extract CO₂ from a CO₂-containing stream.

Types of Capture Technologies

Technology	Description
Chemical Solvents	A chemical solvent is a fluid that captures CO2 reacting directly with it, resulting in a chemical bond that binds it. This reaction must be reversible to release the CO2 for continuous use. Examples include amines (Monoethanolamine or MEA, Methyldiethanolamine or MDEA), hot potassium carbonate, or other specialised chemical solvents.
Physical Solvents	Description TBA
Solid Adsorbents	Description TBA
Membranes	Description TBA
Cryogenic Capture	Description TBA

Capture Technology Parameters

Main Article: Capture Technology Assessment Parameters

Capture technologies are generally assessed on a range of operating parameters depending on the capture technology selected. Assessment parameters can include:

• Capture Fraction
• Capacity Factor
• Specific Reboiler Duty (where used)
• Cost of CO₂ Captured and Cost of CO₂ Avoided
• Utilities Consumption

and further factors.

Industries Where CO₂ Capture is Deployed

CO₂ Capture is already deployed as a part of operations in several industries, for more stream purification, CO₂ recovery, or for emissions mitigation. Table XXX shows the current distribution of known CCS and CCU projects from the Global CCS Institute's "Global Status of CCS Report 2025".

Industries with known CO₂ Capture Systems

Industry	Operational CCS Facilities (Number)	Operational Capacity (Mtpa of CO2)	In Development CCS Facilities (Number)	In Development Capacity (Mtpa of CO2)	Utilisation Facilities (Number)
Natural Gas Processing	XX	XX	XX	XX	XX
Hydrogen & Ammonia	XX	XX	XX	XX	XX
Coal Power Generation	XX	XX	XX	XX	XX
Natural Gas Power Generation	XX	XX	XX	XX	XX
Bioenergy Power Generation	XX	XX	XX	XX	XX
Cement	XX	XX	XX	XX	XX
Ethanol, Biogas, and Biomass Fermentation	XX	XX	XX	XX	XX
Iron and Steel	XX	XX	XX	XX	XX
Waste to Energy	XX	XX	XX	XX	XX
Chemicals	XX	XX	XX	XX	XX
Pulp and Paper	XX	XX	XX	XX	XX
Oil Refining	XX	XX	XX	XX	XX
Direct Air Capture	XX	XX	XX	XX	XX