Editing CO2 Shipping (section)

== Notable CO₂ Shipping systems ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Selected CO<sub>2</sub> shipping systems (operational, demonstration, and CCS value-chain applications)
! System / vessel(s) !! Region !! Primary purpose !! Indicative scale / features !! Status (as reported)
|-
| Small-scale European food-grade CO<sub>2</sub> tanker fleet (''Helle'', ''Gerda'', ''Embla'', ''Froya'') || Europe || Food/beverage and industrial CO<sub>2</sub> logistics || Historically ~1,200–1,800 tonnes capacity-class vessels serving short-haul European routes || Operational fleet described in industry overview.<ref name="ClarksonsIntro"/>
|-
| [[Northern Lights]] (Longship) LCO<sub>2</sub> carriers (e.g., ''Northern Pioneer'', ''Northern Pathfinder'', ''Northern Phoenix'') || Norway / North Sea || CCS hub shipping from capture sites to Øygarden receiving terminal, then pipeline to offshore storage || Dedicated 7,500 m³ CO<sub>2</sub> carriers; reported transport conditions of ~19 bar(g) and down to ~-35°C. || Ships delivered/added during 2024–2025; project designed for multi-user CCS logistics.<ref name="NorlightsPioneer"/><ref name="NLPhoenix">Northern Lights, “Northern Lights welcomes Northern Phoenix” (Dec 2025).</ref>
|-
| [[Project Greensand]] CO<sub>2</sub> carrier ''Carbon Destroyer 1'' || Denmark / North Sea || CCS shipping from onshore capture sites to offshore injection at Nini West/Nini reservoir || Dedicated offshore CO<sub>2</sub> carrier intended for regular routes between Port Esbjerg and Nini West; designed for liquefied CO<sub>2</sub> transport with onboard cooling/pressure systems. || Vessel construction/launch milestones reported in 2025; injection operations targeted 2026. <ref name="GreensandCarrier">Greensand Future, “First European built offshore CO₂ Carrier …” (May 2025).</ref>
|-
| Japan LCO₂ transport demonstration vessel ''EXCOOL'' || Japan || CCUS R&D and demonstration of LCO<sub>2</sub> marine transport || Demonstration test ship developed for CO<sub>2</sub> transport trials under Japanese CCUS demonstration programmes. || Delivered/used for demonstration testing (reported 2023–2024).<ref name="ExcoolDemo">Baird Maritime, “Vessel Review | Excool … liquefied CO₂ carrier demonstrator” (Mar 2024).</ref>
|}